Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and thermal efficiency rakesh bhoi1 nirvesh mehta2 kedar bhojak3 1,2department of mechanical engineering 1,2ldrpitr, gandhinagar, gujarat, india abstractthermal power plants are used to generate electricity by using fossil fuels. The steam turbines are used for the generation of electricity in steam power. Condenser w 0 steam power plant q h h out 4 1 the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle is determine from net out th in in k 1 wq qq where w q q w w net in out turbine, out pump, in deviation of actual vapor power cycle from idealized ones the actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal rankine cycle, as a result of. There are several different types of power plants used across the world today. Before going into detail of this topic, we will try to understand the line diagram of electric power generation plant. Analysis on performance of condenser in thermal power plant. A steam condenser is a tool which is used to decrease vapor or gas to liquid. The heat rate hr, kjkwh of a power plant is the amount of heat input required kjh to produce one unit of electricity kw see equation 1.
Pdf analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible. In large turbine plants, the condensate recovery becomes very important and this is also made possible by the use of condenser. In condensing type thermal power plant, discharges exhaust steam is coming to a condenser which creates suction at very low pressure and it allows the expansion of steam in the turbine to a very low pressure. Sep 09, 2015 maintained below atmospheric pressure is known as a condenser. The steam condenser is an essential component of all modern steam power plants. Jet condenser is a mixing type condenser where exhaust steam is condensed mix up with cooling water. It reduces back pressure of the steam which results in more work output. India has large deposit of coal about 170 billion tonnes, 5th largest in world. Types of cooling towers used in power plants askpowerplant. The function of a condenser in a thermal power plant is a. Steamcturbine power plant which is sometime known as coal based power plant or thermal power plant, is a major source of electrical energy for any country. Plate condensers are used mainly for smaller power plants.
More than 60% of electric power is produced by steam plants in india. While the condensing temperature in the condenser is a few degrees above the river temperature in the case of river cooling, in dry recooling units, the condensing temperature is a several degrees above the air temperature in the environment of the power plant, which causes significant less thermal efficiencies. Sep 17, 2017 today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The heat is generated from a diverse range of sources, including coal, natural gas, uranium, solar energy, and geothermal energy. Steam turbine is a type of turbomachine which is an assembly of nozzles and. Cooling towers are special directcontact heat exchangers where the warm cooling. Steam condensers for thermal power plants market size. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages.
The condenser tubes and baffles are arranged in such. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. This steam is then expanded in a turbine to produce. Thermal power stations introduction thermal energy is the major source of power generation in india. The efficiency of the steam plant is considerably increased by the use of a condenser. Pdf analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for. The additional auxiliary power required to operate the condensing system is small in comparison to the extra turbine output power obtained through the additional.
The condensation of steam occurs in the range of 25c to 38c. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. In a jet condenser, the steam to be condensed and the. A condensation electric power plant uses organic fuels solid fuels, mainly pulverized coal of various types, as well as mazut. Steam condensers are heat exchangers which come in numerous sizes and designs. The function of the condenser is to convert the saturated steam at the exhaust of the turbine to water that can be reused in the boiler to again convert it to steam. The goal of maintaining the lowest practical turbine exhaust pressure is a primary reason for including the condenser in a thermal power plant. This raises the possibility that power plant developers will continue. Thermal power plant is also referred as coal thermal power plant and steam turbine power plant.
Steam condenser steam condenser objective type questions and answers. The pump then returns the water to the steam generator. Steam power plant an overview sciencedirect topics. Water chemistry in thermal power plants an overview presentation by s. Power plant cooling and associated impacts the need. For power plants, 34inch, 78inch, and 1inch od tubes are the most prevalent sizes.
Condenser tube cleaning macro and micro fouling and scaling of condenser tubes will adversely impact the performance of any well designed condenser the results are reduced heat transfer, reduced output, and reduced availability, while increasing the number of plant outages and increasing the maintenance costs. As a general rule, 34inch tubes are used in small condensers up to 15,000 square feet, 78inch tubes are used in condensers between 15,000 and 50,000 square feet. Different types of condensor are available in plants but all works on same principle when. Oncethrough cooling needs large natural bodies of water ocean, sea. Mar 08, 2016 it also reduces the specific steam consumption, therefore reduces the size of power plant of given capacity. Condensers and condenser cooling systems introduction conventional cooling methods of thermal power plants are extremely water intensive processes. Condenser and cooling tower work in power plant youtube. Technological investigations and efficiency analysis of a. The criteria used in this article is what source of energy is utilized to produce the electricity. Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible aug mentation in its heat transfer.
Space available each power plant has a certain areaunit energy produced. Condensers larger than 50,000 square feet normally use at least 1inch tubes. A steam condenser has the following two objectives. In order to generate this power we need power plants. Performance analysis of surface condenser in 525mw thermal. Steam condensers for thermal power plants market size, average pricing and key regulations to 2020 reference code. This geothermal plant is giving 900 mw continuously. Thermal power generation plant or thermal power station. Thermal power plants convert heat into power in the form of electricity. A simple model to help understand water use at power plants.
Today we discussed about type of cooling towers are used in power plant. Decreases the thermal efficiency of steam power plant. Mar 04, 2020 a thermal power station or a coal fired thermal power plant is by far, the most conventional method of generating electric power with reasonably high efficiency. Cost of water softening plant is also reduced since pure feed. The global steam condenser for thermal power plant market is expected to progress at a steady growth rate over the forecast period. If the waste heat is instead used for district heating, it is called cogeneration. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con.
How does a condenser work in a thermal power plant. Today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages. In thermal power plants, where cooling water is in short supply, an aircooled condenser can be used. In this cycle, water is heated in the steam generator to produce high temperature and pressure steam. This type of thermal power plant plays an important role where there is a question of availability of pure water. Thermal power plant or thermal power station is the place where we use the energy of heat to produce electric power, and its the most convenient sources of electric power generation, as we burn fuels such as oil, coal or liquefied natural gas to produce high temperature, highpressure steam then we use this steam to turn a steam turbine. Oct 27, 2017 steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. It affects the saving in cost of water to be supplied to the boiler since the condensate is returned to the boiler. There are several types of power plants, each using a different kind of energy to convert into a usable form. The condenser provides a vacuum that maximizes the energy extracted from the steam, resulting in a significant increase in net work and thermal efficiency. Steam condenser objective questions mcq and answers. Then the wet cooling tower came into use due to concerns about and regulations for water withdrawal rates and thermal effects on water bodies from steam power plant electricity production. An introduction to condensers and auxiliary equipment for.
Oct 11, 2017 condenser in power plants is nothing but an equipment which is used to convert steam gas phase coming from turbines to water liquid phase. In general, there are two types of surface condensers. Nov 26, 2019 the usa has the biggest geothermal power plant in the world. This type of application utlizes dry cooling towers. It increases the efficiency of the power plant due to increased enthalpy drop. Mar 15, 2020 thermal power generation plant or thermal power station is the most conventional source of electric power. In a jet condenser, high power is required for condensation. The main advantages of incorporating a steam condenser in a steam power plant are as follows. As the overall efficiency of thermal power plant is product of boiler, turbine. Because condensed steam water in the condenser can be recirculated to the boiler with the. May 05, 2017 a condenser in a power plant is a heat exchanger. Factors and parameters affecting the selection of steam power plant capacities and sites 1.
An aircooled condenser is however, significantly more expensive and cannot achieve as low a steam turbine exhaust pressure and temperature as a watercooled surface condenser. Plate types consisting of a series of parallel plates that provide paths for the steam and the cooling water. Power plants and types of power plant electrical4u. But after condensation, cooling water cannot be used to boiler as it is not free from salt and other impurities. In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam condensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water. It improves the thermal efficiency of the power plant.
It uses coal as the primary fuel to boil the water available to superheated steam for driving the steam turbine. However, we know that this is producing a very less amount of power in comparison to total usa power consumption. Electrical energy is used for many daily activities and lack of power could cause economies to cripple. Figure 3 summarizes the performance of different types of condenser cooling systems. This waste heat can go through a condenser and be disposed of with cooling water or in cooling towers. The wet cooling tower has a much lower water withdrawal rate than once through. The net gain in turbine output power is substantial, since for the same steam flow, the power output of the steam turbine now increases to 26. So now we will discuss about the condenser, which plays a very vital role in the cycle. Tower type boilers of single pass design manufactured by ms. Thermal power plant is based on the rankine cycle and in ideal rankine cycle, there are 4 processes and those are heat addition at constant pressure in boiler, isentropic expansion in turbine, constant pressure heat rejection in condenser and isentropic compression in pumps. Steam condenser for thermal power plant market size report, 2025.
Power plants are classified into different groups based on the criteria used for the classification. The natural gasfired combined cycle power plant, the most commonly built type of large natural gas plant, is a competitive generating technology under a wide variety of assumptions for fuel price, construction cost, government incentives, and carbon controls. Rankine cycle the rankine cycle used in modern power plants has many more components, but the four components are common to all power plants. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and. Direct contact types where the cooling water is sprayed directly into the steam. The efficiency of the steam power plant is increased by the use of a condenser. This steam is then expanded in a turbine to produce electricity from a generator that is connected to the turbine. The energy of a thermal power station not utilized in power production must leave the plant in the form of heat to the environment. These new film fills provide higher thermal performance. To obtain maximum heat transfer rate the tubes should be made of high thermal. The steam from the turbine is then condensed back into water in the condenser.
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